What is a seizure?
Think of the brain as a network of electrical circuits. When things are going well, electricity flows
through the network in an organized fashion and everything works just
fine. During a seizure, the electrical
impulses flow in a disorganized, erratic way, causing the central nervous
system to go haywire. There are a many underlying problems that can cause a
seizure. Trauma, congenital deformities,
toxins, infections, metabolic problems (kidney disease, liver disease, diabetes,
dehydration), inflammation (encephalitis), or brain tumors can all cause
seizures. When no apparent underlying
cause is found, the condition is called epilepsy.
How do I know if my pet is having a seizure?
Seizures can be localized, and signs can vary and can
include twitching of the eyelids/lips/body, abnormal leg movements (often can
be stiff but can be flaccid), chatter of the teeth, and altered mentation. Generalized (previously called Grand Mal)
seizures result in a loss of consciousness and often incontinence of stool and
urine. Animals can have abnormal vocalization during a seizure. Seizures may
feel like they last forever, but in reality, they commonly last a few second to
minutes. If your pet is having a seizure lasting more than a few minutes, they
should immediately be taken to the veterinary emergency clinic for further care
and treatment.
What to do during a seizure?
Make sure you stay calm. Seizures can be very scary for both
owners and their loving pets. This is not a time to panic but instead be
proactive by making sure your pet is in a safe place. You can use towels or
pillows to protect or move your pets’ head and also to keep him/her steady
without falling off the couch or stairs. During a seizure, owners can lower the
lights or cover your pets eyes with a small towel or blanket. The decrease in
stimulation can be calming to your pet as they come out of the seizure. If
possible, record a video to show your veterinarian.
What NOT to do during a seizure?
While in a disoriented and confused state, your pet can
accidently act aggressively and bite. It is important to not pick up or put
your hands/face, other family pets or young children near your pet while they
are have a seizure. Safety for everyone is the main goal of getting through a
seizure successfully.
What to do after a seizure?
After a seizure it is important to continue to monitor your
pet. They may have a post seizure phase that can involve them being very
sleepy, confused and/or show signs that lead into another seizure. Another task
would be to think back and record any triggers or clinical signs that may have
occurred before your pet had the seizure. It is also a good idea to record; the
date, time, clinical signs, how long the seizure lasted and how many seizures
occurred. Lastly, please contact your veterinarian to discuss details/questions
and schedule a visit. A complete examination and diagnostic testing will help
to determine the cause of the seizures and what the appropriate treatment
course is best for your dog or cat.
Dr. Stephanie Waters
